Figures of Speech
Recognise and interpret common figures of speech.
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Figurative language says one thing in terms of another.
In this lesson you will:
- Define common figures of speech.
- Explain the effect of a figure in context.
- Create original figurative expressions.
Common Figures
- Simile — comparison using like/as: as brave as a lion.
- Metaphor — direct comparison: the classroom was a zoo.
- Personification — human quality given to a thing: the wind whispered.
- Hyperbole — exaggeration: I have told you a million times.
- Irony — saying the opposite of what is meant.
- Symbol — an object standing for an idea: a white flag for peace.
Effect, Not Decoration
A figure of speech earns its place by adding meaning. "The classroom was a zoo" creates chaos and noise in two words. Explain what the comparison reveals.
Identify and explain
"Hope is the thing with feathers."
Metaphor: hope is compared to a bird.
Effect: hope feels light, persistent and able to rise above hardship.
Warning Do not call every comparison a simile. If there is no like or as, it may be a metaphor.
Practice
- Write one example each of simile, metaphor and personification.
- Identify the figure in: "The city wore a coat of dust."
- Explain the effect of one figure from a poem or song.
Recap
Figures of speech create meaning through comparison and suggestion. Always explain the effect.
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Course contents
Poetry and Drama
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