Vegetation and Biomes
Identify major biomes and explain how plants adapt to them.
A biome is a large region with a characteristic climate and plant community.
- Name the major biomes.
- Explain plant adaptations.
- Describe the link between climate and biome.
Major Biomes
- Tropical rainforest — dense, tall trees; high rainfall; high biodiversity.
- Savanna — grasses with scattered trees; wet and dry seasons.
- Desert — sparse, drought-resistant plants.
- Temperate forest — broad-leaved trees that shed leaves in autumn.
- Tundra — low shrubs and mosses in cold regions.
Adaptations
Desert plants store water in thick stems and reduce leaves to spines. Rainforest trees grow tall to reach light. Savanna grasses survive fire and drought by storing nutrients in roots.
Human Impact
Deforestation, overgrazing and climate change are shrinking biomes and reducing biodiversity.
The Guinea savanna covers much of central Nigeria.
Tall grasses and fire-resistant trees such as shea and locust bean dominate.
Farmers grow yam and maize during the wet season.
Practice
- Name four biomes.
- Explain two adaptations of desert plants.
- Describe the vegetation of the Nigerian savanna.
Recap
Biomes are shaped by climate. Plants adapt to rainfall, temperature and light, and human activity threatens them.
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Weather, Climate and Vegetation
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