Elements of Weather and Climate
Measure temperature, rainfall, wind and pressure.
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Weather is the state of the atmosphere at a particular time and place.
In this lesson you will:
- Name the elements of weather.
- Match instruments to elements.
- Distinguish weather from climate.
Weather Elements
- Temperature — measured with a thermometer, in degrees Celsius.
- Rainfall — measured with a rain gauge, in millimetres.
- Wind direction — measured with a wind vane.
- Wind speed — measured with an anemometer.
- Atmospheric pressure — measured with a barometer.
- Humidity — measured with a hygrometer.
Weather and Climate
Weather changes hour by hour and day by day. Climate is the average weather of a place over 30 years or more.
Why Records Matter
Long records reveal patterns, help farmers plan planting, and allow governments to prepare for floods and drought.
Weather station
A school weather station records temperature, rainfall and wind daily at 9 a.m.
After a month, learners calculate averages and compare them with the previous month.
Warning Read a thermometer at eye level and avoid direct sunlight. Shade and placement affect readings.
Practice
- Name four weather elements and their instruments.
- Explain the difference between weather and climate.
- Why should weather records be taken at the same time each day?
Recap
Weather is short-term; climate is long-term. Each element has a specific instrument and unit.
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Course contents
Weather, Climate and Vegetation
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